Several infections and diseases that were once easily managed and almost eradicated from the UK are resurging.
Scabies is one of the Victorian-era diseases once again circulating the UK population, with a surge in numbers reported in recent years. Scurvy is another – this has increased steadily in incidence in the UK since 2007, reaching more than 800 cases in 2016-17 and remaining high ever since.
Measles is another example. Although the number of diagnoses has fluctuated since 2012, the highest prevalence ever recorded was noted in 2024 at 2,911 confirmed cases. The data shows little sign of slowing for 2026 either, with 542 laboratory confirmed cases by May 11. Similar can be said of whooping cough (or pertussis), which peaked higher in 2024 than it has done since 1998, suggesting an overall increasing trend. Diagnoses for syphilis are also at an all-time high since records began in the 1940s.
This is all in the background as headlines report new outbreaks of meningitis and diphtheria in countries where they should no longer cause significant concern.
So, why the rise in conditions that had become easily prevented and treated?
Unfortunately, this is a complex question with an even more complicated answer. In some situations, it is yet unknown why these infections are circulating in such numbers. For others, reduced uptake of once common vaccines may be contributing to the resurgence. A lack of access to healthcare services may also be adding to the problems, with slow diagnosis allowing several people to be unknowingly exposed to the pathogens.
It has never been more important for us all to educate ourselves on what these diseases are, how they present, and how they can be prevented. The ongoing discussion around vaccines requires further attention as well, ensuring that all parties understand the science surrounding immunisations and their real impact on individuals and the population at large.
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