Millions of people in the UK are now taking GLP-1 drugs – the classification of medication that includes Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro – for type 2 diabetes and weight management. But alongside the headlines about weight loss, a question among dental professionals is also being asked: are these drugs affecting our teeth?
One of the most commonly reported side effects is dry mouth. Reduced saliva increases the risk of tooth decay, inflammation, and bacterial infections, because saliva plays a critical role in neutralising acids and washing away bacteria. There’s a secondary effect too: these medications suppress appetite, but also thirst, which can mean people drink less throughout the day – making dry mouth worse.
Then there are the knock-on effects of how the drugs change eating habits. Nausea is a common side effect, particularly when first starting the medication, and repeated entry of stomach acid into the mouth is one of the most damaging things for tooth enamel. Patients may also find themselves eating less of certain foods, sometimes reducing their intake of key vitamins and proteins, which can affect the health of the gums and teeth as well.
The research is still catching up with the prescriptions. A 2025 review found evidence that semaglutide – the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy – may affect the salivary glands, though scientists are clear that more controlled research is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
It’s not all bad news. Some evidence suggests GLP-1 drugs may actually improve gum health in people with type 2 diabetes, likely due to their anti-inflammatory effects – a reminder that the full truth may be complex and our understanding is still evolving.
If you’re taking one of these medications, it’s worth mentioning it at your next dental check-up. Your dentist can keep an eye on early signs of decay or erosion, and simple steps – staying well hydrated, rinsing your mouth with water after episodes of nausea, and keeping on top of your brushing routine can make a real difference in the meantime.
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