Oral health is one of many factors that can influence fertility for both men and women.
Periodontitis (advanced gum disease) in women is associated with a lower conception rate. While more research is needed in the field, initial findings suggest that treatment and prevention of periodontal complications contributes to female fertility. Chronic inflammation is thought to trigger an immune response that affects the ovaries, causing oxidative damage, reducing egg quality, and disrupting follicle development.
But oral wellbeing is not just important for women. Male infertility has also been positively linked with poor dental health. This is believed to be because chronic infections originating in the oral cavity can increase bacterial load throughout the body and reduce sperm mobility. Pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with oral diseases can also lower sperm count. In addition, shared risk factors between poor oral health and impaired fertility could play a role. These include excessive alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and coronary heart disease.
Beyond conception, poor oral health can also impact the newborn. Maternal periodontitis is associated with double the risk of pre-term birth. The same oral disease increases the chance of low birth weight in newborns too. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that when parents have poor periodontal health, their children tend to develop the same. This could be due to the passing on of poor oral hygiene habits, genetic traits, or shared environmental factors.
Ultimately, optimising the health of the whole family is important at every stage. Oral health plays an important role , so understanding how it might impact everything from conception to birth and beyond is vital. Those trying to start a family should always consult an appropriate medical professional for bespoke advice and support.
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