…and a significantly increased likelihood of going on to smoke cigarettes, according to one of the most comprehensive reviews of the evidence yet undertaken.
The evidence
Young people who vape are more likely to report cough, wheeze and bronchitis symptoms, as well as asthma exacerbations. Longer-term studies produced strong evidence that those who vape are significantly more likely to progress to cigarette smoking.
The review also identified evidence of wider harms beyond the airways. Oral and dental health was one of the eight domains assessed, alongside mental health, where the study found evidence of poorer outcomes including anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation.
Flavours
Co-author of the systematic review, Professor Will Carroll, stated that “vaping should not be seen as a harmless part of growing up. The evidence shows clear links with respiratory symptoms, nicotine dependence and subsequent cigarette smoking, while concerns about wider impacts on young people’s health continue to grow.”
He continues that “the recently announced measures are welcome and must be implemented quickly. But if vaping is to remain a viable smoking cessation tool without attracting new users, government must go further. Current proposals will place restrictions on vape flavour names and packaging descriptions, moving away from enticing names inspired by sweets, desserts, and alcohol in favour of simple, factual names like ‘apple’. As paediatricians, we call on the government to limit the types of flavours available, as opposed to just their descriptions.”
Keeping pace
RCPCH Vice President for policy, Dr Mike McKean, said that “vaping is still a relatively new product, and there is much we do not yet know about its long-term impact on children and young people but a clear and concerning picture is emerging. Continued research and monitoring [is] essential if we are to properly understand the risks and respond to emerging evidence.”
He continued: “The Tobacco and Vapes Act is an important step towards protecting children from nicotine addiction, but it must not be seen as a one-and-done solution. We need to keep pace with a rapidly evolving market and continue to take action to protect children from nicotine products that are deliberately made and marketed to appeal to them.”
Where the regulation stands
The Tobacco and Vapes Act became law on 29 April 2026. From 1 January 2027, the Smoke-free Generation policy takes effect, meaning anyone born on or after 1 January 2009 will never legally be sold tobacco.
A discussion into packaging, device appearance, and retail display opened on 10 July 2026 running until 2 October 2026. Proposals include plain white packaging for vaping and nicotine products, restrictions on device colours and flavour descriptors, and moving products out of sight in shops. The RCPCH is drafting its response.
>Since you’re here, why not read about how health improves when pollution is reduced.
Main image credit: Unsplash
